Perspective | CACCET | MCCG | MMCC

Climate Change, or Global Warming, is one of the most serious environmental threats of the 21st century. It is the only global environmental problem that receives the attention of heads of states and governments, and has been on the agenda for nearly all the G8 meetings for the past three years.

As a first global political response to the threat of climate change, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 agreed upon the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Malaysia is a Party to the UNFCCC and has ratified the Kyoto Protocol. As a developing country, Malaysia has no quantitative commitments under the Kyoto Protocol at present. However, together with all other countries, Malaysia is already committed under the UNFCCC to, inter alia, “formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change by addressing anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases…”.

In 1992, CETDEM, together with the Environmental Protection Society of Malaysia (EPSM) and the Malaysian Nature Society (MNS) formed an alliance, the Malaysian Climate Change Group (MCCG). Perak Consumers Association (PCA) has joined the MCCG in Aug 2002 as a member. This network of people and resources have been working both behind the scenes and on the frontlines and are active in attending international conferences, organising public talks and fora, creating informative materials, to try to mobilise as many sectors of Malaysian society as possible to address the problems of climate, both local and global. Currently, the MCCG is in the midst of assessing how to expand its network and bring more committed public interest organisations on board.

At the start of 2002, the MCCG launched a new three-year public awareness project, Mobilizing Malaysians on Climate Change (MMCC). CETDEM, as the coordinating secretariat for the MCCG, administered the project, with funding from DANCED. The project has been successfully completed in May 2005.

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What can you do to address climate change?

Remember: everyone has an impact on the environment. Climate change may seem like a very distant, global problem now, but in the long-term we will feel its effects. No improvement in the situation can be effective if no one does anything. Even a small action can go a long way. That means that we, as Malaysians, have a role to play, whether its to improve our own quality of life, cutting back on our personal contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, or getting engaged in international environmental issues.

Here are some things that you can do:

- Get engaged with the issues. Read up more-try to make links between what scientists, activists, and government officials say, and how you conduct your own lives. Ask yourself: what is the effect of your life style on the quality of the environment? Dont leave it to the experts to tell you everything.

- Find out about international efforts like the Kyoto Protocol and the challenges involved. What is the role of our government?

- Identify who are the players. Ask yourself: is your organisation involved? Can you urge your local neighbourhood group to do something proactive? Join voluntary organisations of like-minded people; consider forming one of your own. Keep an eye out: is there a talk or public discussion somewhere? Try to attend. Ask questions. Take notes. Bring your friends, family, and relatives along.

- Do things more carefully. Dont just do whats convenient; do what is environmentally sensitive. Use only what you need, and think how you can save energy. Look around your own house, garden, and street: wheres the wastage? What can be done more efficiently?

- Do without. Are all those nice gadgets in the shops necessary? Can you cut down on commuting? Can you work from home?

- Be a role model. Strike an attitude. Care about the issues? Dont just believe in them; do practical things. Use public transport; carpool; maintain your vehicles so that you do not emit so much foul exhaust fumes; dont drive so much. Start community actions to improve access to public transport and organise carpools. Buy energy-efficient appliances and equipments. Write letters to the newspapers. Get more people to talk about climate change.

- Improve the quality of your life. Remember: climate change affects biological and agricultural diversity. Your grandchildren may never see some of the beauty of this environment. Already clean air is a luxury in our cities. Plant a tree (and make sure its a local species). While you can, enjoy the bounty of the environment. Visit national parks, recreational areas, nature reserves. Dont just look for the most impressive looking hotel. Rough it out; give show-and-tell sessions and talks when you get back.

- Be alert. Do not open burn. Contact the Department of Environment if you see anyone doing it.

- Educate your children. Cultivate in them a love of animals, plants, and beautiful landscapes. Fill up their rooms with thematic posters. Read to them; share your memories and knowledge with them. Take them hiking. Send them to nature camps. Look for books and magazines that feature environmental themes. Buy educational videos and CD-Roms. Urge your local bookshop to stock the books that you need.

Remember: the more wasteful you are, the more things you can do! Almost everything we do to address climate change will bring other benefits in the long-term-financial savings, cleaner air, healthier lives.

(partially adapted from: Andrew Sebastians “The heat is on….” Malaysian Naturalist vol. 55/2, pp. 45-47 [2001])

International

International Bodies Addressing Climate Change

Climate Action Network (CAN)

CAN is a global network of over 320 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in 81 countries working to get action on limiting human-induced climate change. CAN members exchange information on climate change issues and pool expert knowledge from around the globe to develop initiatives to combat climate change at the international, regional, national and local levels.

CAN has seven regional coordinating offices which co-ordinate these efforts in Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, Europe, Latin America, North America, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. In addition there are national contact points in Australia, France, Canada, Japan, Russia and United Kingdom. Diverse environmental organizations from around the globe, ranging from large international groups such as World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth, to small local groups such as Terre Vivante in Mauritania, and the Albanian Ecological Club, work collaboratively within CAN.

Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC)

IPCC is an independent scientist-technical body to assess available scientific, technical and socio-economic relevant information for understanding of the risks of human induced climate change. This group of scientists was jointly established by WMO together UNEP in 1988.

IPCC has produced a series of comprehensive Assessment Reports on the state of understanding of the causes of climate change, its potential impacts and options for response strategies. The IPCC First and Second Assessment reports were completed in 1990 and 1995. The Second Assessment concluded that the balance of evidence suggests that there has been a discernible human influence on the global climate.

IPCC has also prepared a list of technical papers, special reports, methodologies and guidelines which is used by policymakers, scientists and other experts. The Third Assessment report was produced in 2001.

The IPCC provides scientific and technical advice to the Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC and its bodies. The usefulness of IPCC lies in its ability to provide honest, independent and credible assessments of complex scientific, technical and economic issues.

United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change (UNFCCC)

The 1990 Second World Climate Conference called for a framework treaty on climate change. The Conference supported a number of principles to be included in the Climate Change Convention. These include climate change as a common concern of humankind, the importance of equity, the common but differentiated responsibilities of countries at different levels of development, sustainable development and the precautionary principle.

The Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change met for five sessions between February 1991 and May 1992 and finalized the Convention in 15 months.

The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change was signed by 154 states in1992 and it entered into force on 21 March 1994. Presently, the Conference of Parties (COP) is the Conventions ultimate authority.

Since 1995, the COP had been held once a year for 7 times. The Convention seeks to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at safe levels. It commits developed countries to take measures aimed at returning their emissions to 1990 levels by year 2000. It also requires all countries to limit their emissions, gather relevant information, develop strategies for adapting to climate change and cooperate on research and sharing of environmentally friendly technologies.

CLIMATE ACTION NETWORK – SOUTHEAST ASIA (CANSEA)

Current Address: CETDEM, 17 Jln. SS2/53, 47300 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.

Background and history

The CANSEA was established in January 1992 but formerly the idea of forming the regional network was raised when WAHLI of Indonesia, EPSM of Malaysia and Green Forum – Haribon Foundation of the Philippines were invited as observers to the Second INS Session in June 1991 in Geneva. It was felt that this form of partnership was needed to address the socio-political issues associated with the climate change debate and to exchange information, strengthen communication and coordinate activities at the regional level. This initiative further strengthened the regions link up with Climate Action Network (CAN) in Africa, South Asia, United States, Europe, Latin America, Eastern Europe, United Kingdom and the Pacific.

In August 1993, the Steering Committee in consultation with its partner NGOs at the national level, decided to rotate the Regional Secretariat every two years among member countries. In 1997, during the Steering Committee meeting in Malaysia, it was decided to do away with the Partners Assembly (because of the difficulty of raising funds for this meeting) and increasing the Steering Committee membership to 3 per country.

CANSEA is one of the eight regional networks of the Climate Action Network, an NGO established in 1989 in the run-up to the Second World Climate Conference of 1990. United by their common concern for the global climate, CAN members act in a number of different ways and roles in the climate process. CANSEA, like some CAN colleagues, are engaged in active lobby work with government representatives. CETDEM in the person of Gurmit Singh has very good influence with the Malaysian government especially with Mr. Chow Kok Kee, who is a key figure in the CoP/UNFCCC. Pelangi and Walhi have strong connections with the Indonesian government. They have at one time or the other been in the Indonesian delegation to the UN climate conferences (CoP) serving as advisers or in other capacities. CANSEA has represented the Southeast Asian voice in both the inter-sessional SBI and SBSTA as well as the regular CoP meetings of UNFCCC since CAN came into being.

Purpose

The CANSEA regional network is designed to create synergy in the matter of doing advocacy work at the local and national levels with our respective governments and internationally to join forces with the rest of CAN bringing along the sentiments and concerns of the developing countries, particularly the Southeast Asian perspective, to the lobbying/negotiating arena (the UN Climate Conference of Parties with all its subsidiary bodies meetings [SBSTA, SBI])

Objectives

1. To strengthen the ability of national groups to address climate change issues through communication, training and information campaigns.
2. To sustain regional and national efforts by exchanging and providing information
3. To expand the network to include other NGOs from Southeast Asia

By-Law

Climate Action Network Southeast Asia is presently composed of 3 countries of Southeast Asia namely: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Each country is represented on the Steering Committee by 3 persons namely the National Coordinator and 2 Steering Committee Members chosen from among the member organizations of each country member of CANSEA. The Regional Coordinator is rotated every two years around the member countries and is chosen by the Steering Committee of the host country. The Steering Committee should meet twice a year at least.

Membership to the National CANSEA should abide by the following criteria:

1. A would-be member must be recommended by preferably at least 2 bonafide members in good standing.
2. Only organizations and not individuals are allowed membership.
3. The candidate member must be independent from government and business sectors.
4. The candidate member must have climate change issues as its major concern.

The application should be cleared by the Regional Coordinator before final approval.
Organizational Structure of CANSEA

Steering Committee

• 3 members per country
• Facilitator of National Climate Change Group
• National Climate Change Groups formed to make sure all partners involved in decision making
  

Regional Secretariat

• Host country
• Rotate every two years to member countries to manage the secretariat
• 1992-1993 – Indonesia
  1994-1995 – Philippines
  1996-1997 – Malaysia
  1998-1999 – Indonesia
  2000-2001 – Philippines
  2002-2003 – Malaysia
  2004-2008 – Philippines
  2009-2010 – Indonesia
  2010-2012 – Malaysia
  2012-           – Thailand

CANSEAs profile

CANSEA is presently composed of 3 countries in Southeast Asia namely Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. With 19 member organizations and still expanding, it hopes to include Thailand with 2 or 3 organizations more.

Membership and staffing information

Number of Members:
19 member-organizations from Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia

Indonesia: Indonesian Climate Action Network (ICAN)
1. Lembaga Alam Tropika Indonesia (LATIN)
2. National Development Fund (NdeF)
3. Pelangi
4. Pesticide Action Network (PAN Indonesia)
5. Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (WALHI)
6. Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati indonesia (YABSHI)
7. Yayasan Geni Nastiti (Geni)
8. Yayasan Lembaga Kosumen Indonesia (YLKI)

Malaysia: Malaysian Climate Change Group (MCCG)
1. Centre for Environment, Technology and Development, Malaysia (CETDEM)
2. Persatuan Pencinta Alam Malaysia (MNS)
3. Persatuan Perlindungan Alam Sekitar, Malaysia (EPSM)
4. WWF Malaysia
5. Global Environment Centre (GEC)

Philippines: Philippine Network on Climate Change (PNCC)
1. Green Forum Philippines (GFP)
2. Haribon Foundation
3. Legal Rights and Natural Resources Center-Kasama sa Kalikasan (LRC-KSK)
4. Lingkod Tao Kalikasan (LTK) 5. Miriam PEACE
6. Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM)
7. Soljuspax/Sol Justitiae Et Pax

Membership Fees: None

Number of Full Time Staff: Regional Coordinator, National Coordinators of each member country, Steering committee members (3 from each country)

Number of part time Staff: Secretary/Administrative Assistant

Funding

In the early years, funding from external sources allowed for the costs of running the Secretariat, publishing a newsletter SEANEWS, and participation in international meetings to be covered. But since 1998, little funding has been forthcoming and only limited participation in international meetings has been possible.

National

Climate Scenarios in Malaysia

Climate Scenarios for Malaysia based on Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the IPCC

Year	2025	2050	2100
Carbon Dioxide Concentration	405 – 460 ppm	445 – 460 ppm	540 – 970 ppm
Mean Temperature Rise	0.2 – 0.4 °C	0.3 – 1.0 °C	0.6 – 2.3 °C
Mean Precipitation Change	- 5 % to + 5 %	- 5 % to + 5 %	- 5 % to + 5 %
Mean Sea-Level Rise	3 – 14 cm	5 – 32 cm	9 – 88 cm

(Source: Chan K.W., 2002; IPCC, 2001)

Socio-Economic Impacts In Malaysia

Projected Socio-Economic Impacts resulting from Sea Level Rise

Type of Impact	Socio-economic Impacts based on the High Rate of Sea Level Rise (0.9cm/yr)
Loss of agricultural production from eroded/inundated lands	RM 46 million for Western Johor Agricultural Development Project area. The West Johor Project area accounts for about 25% of the national drainage areas
Displacement and relocation of flood victims with associated disruption of business / economic activities resulting from increased flooding	Long-term annual flood damage estimated at about RM88 million for Peninsular Malaysia and RM12 million for Sabah / Sarawak based on 1980 price level. If the flood frequency is doubled, the annual flood damage will increase by 1.67 ti`

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Creating Awareness on Climate Change, Energy use and Transport in Kajang and Petaling Jaya.

The objective of CACCET is to get the participation of 20 households each in Kajang and Petaling Jaya in efforts to become more efficient energy users and increase usage of public transport as a local solution to address the issue of Climate Change.

The project did an assessment on what is the quality of Public Transport provided in these 2 towns, then worked with selected Citizen`s Groups in both towns to increase their awareness about the 3 issues which are the topics of this project. There was also an assessment of quality & extent of public transport provided by Rapid KL & what improvements they, the community, would like to see.

Two resource persons, a project coordinator and a field officer (both part time), managed the CACCET project.

Briefings were given to Citizen`s Groups both in Kajang and Petaling Jaya.

Eventually, 10 households each from Kajang and Petaling Jaya completed the Energy Audit forms and Transport Survey.

A Project Report is available for purchase.

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Malaysian Climate Change Group (MCCG)

The Malaysian Climate Change Group (MCCG), comprising non-governmental organizations, was launched in December 16, 1992 in Kuala Lumpur at the end of the CANSEA Research and Monitoring Workshop. The founding members are:

- Environmental Protection Society, Malaysia (EPSM)

- Centre for Environment, Technology and Development, Malaysia (CETDEM)

- Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)

The secretariat was hosted by the EPSM until 1994. Then CETDEM took over the role with Gurmit Singh as the MCCG coordinator.

In Aug 2002, one additional NGO, Perak Consumers Association (PCA) has joined the MCCG. Since Jan. 2005, MNS has hosted the Secretariat.

To date, the MCCG remains the only non-governmental body in Malaysia that actively addresses climate change issues. It has developed a good profile internationally; locally, member organizations have good working relationships with government agencies. We have developed a wealth of knowledge of how climate change issues and impacts relate to the broad socio-economic-political terrain in Malaysia, and what needs to be done by all sectors of Malaysian society to address the long-term problems of climate change.

Members recognize that one of the MCCGs strengths is its informality and flexibility but accept that we cannot be complacent: there is still much work to do! Public awareness of climate issues is a larmingly low, and scientific understanding of mitigation and adaptation strategies still developing.

Objectives

1) Share and disseminate information on climate change issues.

2) Coordinate activities at the national level.

3) Play an active role in CANSEA and CAN and international events concerning climate change.

4) Lobby the Malaysian government to be proactive on climate change issues.

Malaysia signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on June 9, 1993 and ratified it on July 17, 1994. As a signatory to the Convention, Malaysia is committed under the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities to carry out her obligations as provided in the Convention.

Statements

MCCG Position Paper No. : 1/ 02

Priorities in Technology Transfer

For reducing GHG emissions

INTRODUCTION

There has been much talk since 1992, both in the context of UNFCCC as well as UNCED, about technology transfer BUT very little action. With almost a decade wasted, NGOs & countries [especially from the South] need to develop some directions for getting urgent action taken in this area. This short paper tries to set out some broad outlines as to what the priorities should be.

THE PRIORITIES

Firstly, let us get the concepts right. Technology is never transferred but shared by the owner with others through licensing or some other means. And it consists of both the hardware and software. Fully sharing would mean that the personnel of the recipient are able to adapt or modify the technology. This capacity building must be a cornerstone of measuring the success of any TS [technology sharing].

Secondly, sharing is not exclusively a North-South or developed-developing country one-way path but is omni directional. No nation has the exclusive domain over critical technologies although some have more than others.

Thirdly, patenting or private property rights must not be allowed to obstruct the resolution of global environmental problems like climate change by placing insurmountable barriers to TS.

Fourthly, technologies need to be carefully screened and evaluated by all parties to any sharing arrangement so that such sharing actually reduces GHG emissions or provides positive environmental benefits.

Fifthly, the intended beneficiaries of any TS must fully participate in discussions leading up to the TS actually taking place so that they have an ownership stake in the final technology when it arrives.

Sixthly, the technology must blend into the cultural, social, religious and value systems of the host community.

Seventhly, technologies must not be evaluated on a stand-alone basis but as a mixture that will solve the needs of, say an energy-starved rural community.

OPTIONS

Using the above priorities, the following technologies can be considered as useful options for abating global warming:

1. Windmills

2. PVs

3. Solar heaters, driers & cookers

4. Micro-hydro turbines

5. Energy conservation, especially on systems basis

6. Biogas & biomass with full combustion

7. Efficient, clean & affordable public transport system

8. CNG, fuel cells and other “low” carbon fuels

9. Engines & motors with least losses [energy wastage]

10. Facilities for safer use of non-motorised transport e.g. bicycles

11. Organic agriculture.

12. Pollution prevention & resource reduction processes

13. Permanent carbon fixation.

14. Improved passive design changes to built-structures like housing & offices.

ACTION

Malaysia, which has been active in the technology transfer discussions within the UNFCCC, should use the above priorities and options to help get the last SBSTA and COP decisions on technology transfer translated into concrete action in the shortest possible time. If necessary, it should get other ASEAN nations to establish a regional TT evaluation centre so that the technologies meet our priorities and needs.

It should also ensure that the expert group on technology transfer [as decided upon by COP7] produces a useful report at the forthcoming COP8, where the secretariat is also required to show that an information clearing house on the subject is operational. MCCG, on its part, will actively push for these priorities and action within CAN and the larger NGO community.

-Gurmit Singh, MCCG Coordinator

Activities and Achievements

National

1) MMCC Project 2002-2004. Click here for further information on the project to mobilize Malaysians to address climate change. As part of MMCC activities, members have undertaken exercises to plan strategies for strengthening the networks capacity to address climate change, both in Malaysia and internationally, and hopes to expand the membership base.

2) Actively provide inputs to Malaysian government positions

3) Lobbying through the media & direct representation against activities that lead to greater GHG emissions

4) Promoting greater public awareness

Regional

1) CANSEA membership

2) Attempts to influence ASEAN action on the issues

International

1) Participation in UNFCCC meetings as well as those of CAN.

2) Strengthening the lobbying positions of CANSEA

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MOBILIZING MALAYSIANS on CLIMATE CHANGE (MMCC)

Background

Global Warming results from increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) in the atmosphere. The problem we now face is that human actions-including the burning of fossils fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) and land clearing-are increasing the concentrations of some of these gases, creating the prospect of further warming of the globe.

MCCGs aim is to educate the public in all sectors such as government, private sector, NGOs, school children, marginalized communities, on the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. With the support of the DANCED Fund (Malaysian- Danish Country Programme for Cooperation in Environment and Sustainable Development, 2002-2006), MCCG, which is actively engaged in domestic and international negotiations concerning climate change, completed the project MOBILIZING MALAYSIANS ON CLIMATE CHANGE in May 2005.

CETDEM as the coordinating secretariat administered this project. MNS took over as coordinator with effect from January 2005.

As part of Malaysian NGOs efforts, this three year project is to assist Malaysia society to enhance the ability to address climate change issues in various sectors (e.g energy, land resources, forest), both at the national and international level.

Objectives of MMCC

- Motivate as many sectors of Malaysian society, including the business and industrial community as well as the general public to take positive action on climate change issues as a result of an effective advocacy and awareness campaign.

- Get more Malaysian NGOs [esp. PIOs] mobilized through an energized MCCG to assist in above objective. The project will also strive to get additional funding for the network so that its activities beyond the project period can be sustained.

Malaysia is a party to the UNFCCC and has ratified the Kyoto Protocol. Awareness among Malaysian public is inadequate and this project will guide them to know, see, and learn more about the changes in global climate. This will encourage them to change their lifestyle to be more environmental friendly.

Main Activities

1) Stakeholders Workshop/Seminars

2) NGOs Briefings & Training

3) Climate Change Seminars

4) Partnerships

5) Public Forums

6) Interactive Sessions (School students)

7) Publication of educational material

Production of a video documentary

9) Roundtables for Legislators

The activities were held throughout the country.

Partnership

Date	Organisation
27 Aug 2002	BP Malaysia
10 Nov 2002	J. Ragu Enterprise, Ipoh
10 Nov 2002	Assoc. Air-Pak Industry Sdn Bhd, Ipoh
31 Jan 2003	Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
3 Apr 2003	Alam Flora S/B, Shah Alam
28 Jan 2004	Kewalram Oils S/B, Pasir Gudang
30 Jan 2004	Natural Resources & Environmental Board (NREB), Kuching

Diary

Calendar of events

Date	Activity
1 Jan 2002	“Mobilizing Malaysians on Climate Change” project started with funding from DANCED. It is administered by CETDEM.
27 Feb 2002	1st Steering Committee meeting for 2002 followed by SWOT analysis
9 Mar 2002	Discussion on how to strengthen MCCG
13 Apr 2002	Interactive Session in PJ
19 Apr 2002	Inaugural issue of MCCG Newsletter
20 Apr 2002	Joint launch of Climate Change Campaign with Body Shop in KL
21&22 Apr 2002	Penang NGO Climate Change Briefing, Georgetown
11 May 2002	Sensitisation Briefing on Climate Change in JB
16 Jun 2002	2nd Steering Committee meeting and Public Forum in Armada Hotel, PJ
24-26 Jun 2002	Climate Change Seminar in PJ
27-29 Jul 2002	NGO Training Workshop on KL
4 Aug 2002	“Climate Change and You” Interactive Session in Ipoh
28-29 Sep 2002	KL NGO Briefing
7 Oct 2002	Sensitisation Briefing in Kuching
10 Nov 2002	MCCG Public Forum in Ipoh
11 Jan 2003	COP8 (Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC) Debriefing in PJ and press conference
11 Mar 2003	Climate Change Briefing in Penang
22 Mar 2003	Forum on “You, Transport and Climate Change” held in PJ
30-31 Mar 2003	NGO Briefing in Kuching
26-27 Apr 2003	NGO Briefing in Kota Kinabalu
23 Jun 2003	Climate Change Briefing in Tawau
24 Jun 2003	“Climate Change and You” Interactive Session in Tawau
14-15 Jul 2003	Climate Change Seminar in Kota Kinabalu
11-12 Aug 2003	Climate Change Seminar in Kuching
23 Aug 2003	“Climate Change and You” Interactive Session in Miri
22-24 Aug 2003	NGO Training Workshop in Miri
27 Sep 2003	“Climate Change and You” Interactive Session in Seremban
11 Oct 2003	“Climate Change and You” Interactive Session in Kota Kinabalu
22 Oct 2003	Climate Change Briefing in Ipoh
28 Dec 2003	Interactive Session in Alor Setar
11 Jan 2004	COP9 Debriefing
12 Feb 2004	Climate Change Briefing in Melaka
27 Feb 2004	MMCC Partners Forum

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